1
I can’t remember when I started stuttering. But I do remember sitting on my mother’s lap, as she gently but firmly reminded me of the instructions: “Calm down, breathe, speak properly”. My family thought I was imitating a friend of my grandparents, an elderly man who stuttered. His name was Bepi and, in a small village in the deep countryside of north-eastern Italy, he was considered a freak. They wondered if I was copying him, if I was making fun of him, as everyone else did.
At some point, a teacher must have suggested speech therapy. I remember the office: large windows, a wide and tidy desk. I sat next to my mother, who was then asked to wait outside. A smiling lady with bouffant hair asked me to read something, to describe some images. I don’t remember what I said or how I said it.
Then my mother came back in. There was a brief and tense exchange, uncertain looks, my mother seemed confused and frustrated. I felt I had disappointed their expectations. Back home, the announcement to my father: “Andrea doesn’t stutter.” I remember the confusion and disbelief. My father protested, my mother insisted she had done everything possible. But the decision had been taken: a professional had spoken. And that was enough.
2
Years passed. I was in middle school and my father had just been promoted from postman to clerk. One day I met one of his new colleagues, Roberta: elegant yet easy-going, she soon became a close friend of my parents. She often asked about me, and we would talk for hours on the phone: about school, friends, football, music.
One summer afternoon, while I was playing PlayStation, my mother asked: “Roberta suggested a speech therapist. Would you like to try?” The question came out of nowhere. I froze. I felt exposed, vulnerable. I answered: “No, I don’t need it. Stuttering isn’t a problem for me.”
A few days later, I had my first session with Rita. She lived in a Venetian villa, shaded by a huge weeping willow. She had an old Renault and a dog with long ears and cloudy eyes, now almost blind. Rita was retired and welcomed me out of affection for Roberta, her former patient.
I saw her for three or four years, with irregular sessions. We met in the bedroom that had belonged to her grandson, sitting side by side at a desk, in front of a fireplace. The room smelled faintly of ashes and wood smoke. After each session, she would make tea and offer me biscuits. If the weather was nice, we waited for my father in the garden, under the willow tree.
Rita taught me to tap my thumb against my fingers to keep rhythm, to paraphrase, to find synonyms, to release air slowly before speaking. We read aloud, weaving sentences into sing-song melodies. She told me to “link the words,” to “breathe with my diaphragm,” to “avoid those difficult sounds.” And she also cared for me, for my adolescent anxieties and fears. She listened without judgment, made me feel understood. Her gentle and reassuring gaze calmed me in ways I could not explain. She passed on to me a love for reading, and in part it is thanks to her that I am a teacher today.
3
I look back on those years with a mixture of tenderness and unease. On the one hand, care, comfort, affection; on the other hand, an invisible discipline that still haunts me, whispering that my voice must be controlled, my breath managed, my body contained, my identity masked.
I wonder if there are other ways of looking at my voice, my silences, my repetitions, my movements, my body. Ways that do not reduce everything to the language of pathology and disorder, defect and deficit, and that can help me see beyond diagnosis, therapy, treatment, cure, rehabilitation. This vocabulary falls like boulders – huge, insurmountable – crushing me into silence, leaving me breathless, unable to reply. But, after all, no response is even expected. These words fail to capture the complexity of my experience; they do not help me to name the world I inhabit, to move among its obstacles, to imagine it differently.
What remains are questions, still unresolved: are we, people who stutter, learning to pronounce a different language? Are we creating concepts that resonate with our experience, that embrace our pauses, our lives, our stories? Do we have the tools to choose, consciously, whether and which therapies to follow, and to uncover the values that underlie them? And above all, how can we reclaim our narratives and our voices, without letting others define them for us?
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Andrea,
I just loved this reflection piece of yours. I too have long felt that people who stutter have often only been seen as the pathology of disorder and all that goes with that, which you included. How can we who stutter feel good and OK about stuttering when so many only see disorder, defect and deficit? Even in our own stuttering community, we are hard pressed to find many people who stutter who feel free enough to talk about and embrace the whole difference aspect and that difference is good.
Just this week I was talking with someone about how we can use our difference to make a difference, and people who do not stutter don’t get to do that.
Thank you for such a thoughtful contribution. Others shouldn’t get to define our voice. That is our job to do.
Pam
Pam, thanks for reading and for sharing your thoughts. I agree: it’s hard to feel okay with stuttering when the frameworks we’re offered are mostly clinical and corrective. Even within the stuttering community, there’s still a lot of pressure to present our speech as something manageable or improvable, rather than simply as ours.
Ciao Andrea! Bravo per il bellissimo testo!
It really resonated with me. I also find it hard to build an identity and find my voice in a society that medicalises it instead of just welcoming it. Your open question about covert stuttering being like a new language seems a very interesting approach to me. The link between language and identity is quite clear, but runs deeper when you analyse your own relationship with the languages you speak. Food for thought during this ISAD… grazie!
Ciao Lou,
grazie so much for your message!
Yes, there’s definitely something powerful in thinking of covert stuttering as a kind of language… intimate, compressed, strategic, tense… a very interesting way of looking at it.
Andrea
Dear Andrea,
Thanks for being vulnerable and sharing your story. I’m reading this through the lens of a therapist and your words about your previous therapy are haunting to me, yet, they are wound up in care, compassion and nurture. It’s a confusing, conflicting picture for anyone. I hope that therapists across the world read your words and listen to your messages, Nic
Dear Nic,
Thank you for your words, they mean a lot, especially coming from someone who carries care as both practice and responsibility.
I’m really grateful you read the piece with such openness. That, too, is a form of care.
Andrea
Dear Andrea,
Sometimes you believe you can ‘fix’ things, but you just end up breaking them. The attempt to correct stuttering often leads to frustration, doubt, and insecurity. People who don’t understand the nature of stuttering and the associated aspects focus only on one aspect: elimination. Your parents tried it, and many parents of children who stutter still do. They keep trying to ‘solve it and move past it.’ The same applies to many stuttering adults. I, too, have been looking—and am still looking—for a path forward with my 9-year-old son who stutters, so I truly understand the urgency to take action.
I feel the responsibility to take care of him and for that, I need tools to do it now. Speech therapy is what is helping us the most. The whole outlook on stuttering has completely changed, and today the work focuses on acceptance, self-esteem, and resilience, learning to live with this unwanted guest.
Yet, today I think I’m doing the right thing, but I wonder what my son will think when he’s mature enough to analyze the facts and look back, as you have done. Your experience is certainly different from what my son is going through, but what you both share is the presence of the medical professional, which leads back to the aspects you explained so well.
I wonder if he too will perceive this vocabulary as millstones around his neck, if the path we’ve taken will be seen as a form of deprivation of his identity. I wonder if he’ll get caught in the mental trap of the professional as a ‘savior’ and of medicalization. I also ask myself if there’s an alternative. I wonder if there’s a way to avoid feeling the urgency to rely on the help of a third person, or if he will walk on his own two feet.
The community is certainly a way to absorb positive energy among people who experience the same feelings, in a ‘pure’ environment, far from judgmental figures. Good luck.REnato
Dear Renato,
thank you for your message… it moved me deeply!
Your reflections are honest, generous, and full of care. I feel your questions more than I can answer them… and perhaps that’s the most important part: continuing to ask, to stay open, to imagine other ways.
What you’re doing with your son, choosing awareness over denial, presence over control, already makes a difference. And the fact that you’re willing to wonder, to question yourself, means he’s in good hands.
Andrea
This piece is deeply moving, both intimate and thought-provoking. It captures, with such honesty, the tension between care and control that so many people who stutter experience. The memories you share, your mother’s well-intentioned concern, the authority of the speech therapist, the quiet gentleness of Rita reveal how stuttering is never just about speech; it’s about identity, belonging, and the subtle ways others teach us to measure our worth through fluency.
What stands out most is your reflection on language itself,the way clinical terms like “disorder,” “treatment,” and “rehabilitation” can become invisible cages. Your writing reminds us that words shape not only how others see us, but also how we see ourselves. By questioning these narratives, you open space for something revolutionary. That the idea that stuttering can be a different way of being in the world, a language of its own, full of rhythm, emotion, and humanity.
Your closing questions are powerful because they don’t demand answers,they invite dialogue. How can people who stutter reclaim their stories, their voices, and their right to define what fluency, expression, and authenticity mean for themselves? This reflection doesn’t just speak about stuttering, it speaks from the heart of it.
Hello donowayvn,
Thank you for your message. I really appreciate the care and depth of your reading.
I agree with you, stuttering is never just about speech, but about identity, belonging, and the subtle pressures to conform. I’m glad the piece conveyed that tension between care and control, and how language (especially clinical language) can quietly shape how we see ourselves.
Thanks again for reading with such attention, and for responding not just to the content, but to the feeling.
Warmly,
Andrea
Hello Andrea
Thank you for sharing some of your experiences, and for posing some very interesting, and important, questions. I want to offer some of my answers to those questions. Of course, these are not THE answers, but just my view.
1) Regarding language. You ask “I wonder if there are other ways of looking at my voice, my silences, my repetitions, my movements, my body. Ways that do not reduce everything to the language of pathology and disorder, defect and deficit, and that can help me see beyond diagnosis, therapy, treatment, cure, rehabilitation. ”
The answer is a very clear Yes. The first and most basic statement is that stuttering is a difference, not a defect. This statement was coined by Simpson, Campbell and Constantino as a subtitle for the their book “Stammering Pride and Prejudice”. The second statement might be that stuttering is simply “It’s the way we talk”, as developed by the British organization STAMMA for the 2022 conference. A third statement is that stuttering is a perfectly normal way of talking for PWS. Underpinning all these statements is the knowledge about why we stutter. The neuro-physiological differences that cause stuttering are pretty well known (although there are still unanswered questions).
In my presentations about stuttering, I reject the medical terms such as “disorder” and “pathology”.
2) Regarding “Do we have the tools to choose, consciously, whether and which therapies to follow, and to uncover the values that underlie them?”: Yes, we do. We have to be prepared to invest energy into identifying and understanding those tools, but they are there. We should not, in my opinion, delegate knowledge and understanding of stuttering to the speech therapists, but rather to understand stuttering, and the “tools”, ourselves. First, we educate ourselves to understand what therapies are available, and what values underlie them. Consider, for example, the CARE model, which does not address stuttering or fluency at all, is based on unconditional acceptable of stuttering, and teaches communication (which is definitely possible with stuttered speech), advocacy, resilience, and education (about stuttering). Consider ARTS, avoidance reduction therapy for stuttering, which teaches avoidance reduction, and differentiating between stuttering and struggle (struggle to avoid stuttering, which results in so-called “severe” stuttering). Consider therapies such as ACT – Acceptance and Commitment Therapy which is not about stuttering at all but rather based on principles of mindfulness and on identifying values (each for themselves) and commitment to live – to act – by those values.
3) Regarding “And above all, how can we reclaim our narratives and our voices, without letting others define them for us?”: Simply by realizing that we have a choice over what language we choose to use to describe out stuttering and our experiences, and choosing how we see stuttering. Also, realizing what is in our control and what is not. We cannot control how others define stuttering; we can control whether we agree with those definitions or not. We can choose to push back against the stigma of stuttering.
Society in general might never change in a significant way. The only thing we control is our own beliefs and the the way we approach our stuttering, but that way leads to freedom.
Be well
Hanan
Hello Hanan,
Thank you for taking the time to write and for reflecting so carefully on my article. I’m glad that some of the issues I raised resonated with you! As you rightly pointed out, there is no single answer, and I would add that perhaps answers aren’t even the point.
What I tried to do in this piece was to offer invitations. One of the defining features of the medical model is precisely the authority it claims, the power dynamic it creates between specialist and patient, often making the latter’s subjectivity seem irrelevant or secondary. That’s why I chose to focus on my story, and why I didn’t offer theories, answers or solutions.
What interests me more than answers is the act of asking questions, and the political space that opens up when we do so in language, in experience, and especially in imagination. In that sense, I don’t think we need more answers. I think we need more room for ambiguity, for contradiction, for slowness, for multiplicity. That to me, feels like freedom.
Warmly,
Andrea
The narrative highlights how early experiences with misdiagnosis and disbelief can shape one’s self-image for years. I appreciate how you don’t reject therapy outright, but rather calls for a more nuanced, empowering approach. You ask whether people who stutter are learning to ‘pronounce a different language.’ What might that new language look like—not just in speech, but in how we think about communication, fluency, and expression?
Hi, and thank you so much for your generous and thoughtful comment.
Just to clarify, my focus isn’t really on misdiagnosis, and I’m not proposing any particular approach. What I’m trying to explore is the ambivalence of medicalization_ how it can offer care and support, but also carry subtle forms of discipline that shape how we live and speak.
When I ask about a “different language”, I honestly don’t have a clear answer in mind… and I’m not looking for one. It’s more of an open question, a call to action, a hope, for us, people who stutter, to imagine ways of thinking, speaking, and being that feel more true to our own experiences.
Warmly,
Andrea
Ciao Andrea, thank you for sharing your story! I appreciate that you focused on finding freedom rather than answers…”to move among its obstacles, to imagine it (stuttering) differently.” – Ana Paula Mumy
Hi Andrea,
Thank you for sharing your story in a way that helps others understand your experience in a new light. I find your questions to be so important and stimulating, and they are one of the reasons I became interested in pursuing a career in speech-language pathology. I can see how SLPs create an understanding and safe space for young people who stutter, offering compassion and guidance in ways that friends, family, or social settings sometimes do not. I loved reading how Rita listened without judgment and helped you feel seen and understood, and it reminded me how meaningful therapy can be when it centers the person, not just the stutter. I want to let you know that your story inspired me to think about how I can help others find their voice and feel supported in their own experiences. Thanks again!
-Kim
Hi Kim,
Thanks for your message. I appreciate how you focused on centering the person rather than the stutter, that really matters. I’m glad my story gave you something to reflect on for your future work 🙂
All the best,
Andrea
Hi Andrea!
I had a great time reading your story. You’re such a great writer. My question is, how do we reclaim our own voices and define our identities when so many people, family, teachers, or professionals try to tell us how we should speak or be?